![]() ![]() This is because the heavier-than-air CO 2 molecule can absorb heat, which, in turn, also grants it many other beneficial commercial uses such as in beverages, liquid fuel, concrete curing, fire extinguishers, and as a dry refrigerant. Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is abundant in nature, and it is well understood that moderate levels of it in the troposphere help regulate the temperature of the planet, whereas an excess of it, contributed largely by combustion engines, has led to adverse effects on the global climate. ![]() In this study, the gas chosen as the filler constituent of the composite is carbon dioxide. ![]() However, instead of removal, the objective here is to intentionally include gas microbubbles to make the resulting material thermally and mechanically advantageous over its neat polymer counterpart. Even more research is directed toward avoiding and removing gas bubbles from resin during manufacturing. Extensive work goes into the detection of voids and their formation. This suggestion is largely counter-intuitive since, generally, pockets of air (gas) or voids in composites and in materials are categorized as defects and cause adverse effects on the overall material property and performance. In this work, it is suggested that gas molecules can also serve as a filler within a polymer matrix. Imparting useful properties such as increased surface area, conductivity, and the high strength of metal or nonmetal micro- or nano-particulates as fillers into a polymer matrix creates a versatile, lightweight, easily formable, multifunctional polymer composite material. The effective composition of these materials provides solutions to problems where ordinary polymers and metals fail. Such 3D-printable carbonated polymer composites may find use in applications requiring high strength-to-weight ratio thermally stable polymers and applications requiring a versatile and convenient storage medium for on-demand CO 2 deposition or supercritical fluid phase transformation.įundamentally, polymer composites are comprised of two parts: the lightweight polymer matrix, which constitutes the bulk of the material and functions as the major load bearer, and the filler, which functions as an enhancement to the matrix. Thermo-mechanical compressive tests on an optimal carbonated sample revealed a 70% increase in compressive strength over its neat counterpart and a peak modulus at 50 ☌ of 60 MPa. An initial increase in polymer carbonation duration showed a 16% increase in porosity, more stable thermal profiles, and a 40% decrease in specific heat capacity. Post-heat treatment using thermogravimetric analysis of the samples at elevated temperatures resulted in a 33% mass reduction, indicative of nearly complete solvent removal and curing. Additive manufacturing by stereolithography (SLA) of the carbonated polymer composite proved possible using the digital light projection (DLP) 3D printing technique. Here, carbon dioxide (CO 2) microbubbles serve as the filler within a nylon-like polymer matrix. Usually, micro/nano-particulates are embedded as fillers within a polymer matrix, enhancing the overall material properties. This is due to the tailorability of composite materials for specific applications. In use, polymer composite materials expect to succeed where ordinary polymers and metals fail. ![]() The result is a carbonated polymer composite material. In this report, we investigate the infusion of carbon dioxide into a 3D-printable photosensitive polymer. ![]()
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